Cross-border migratory movements in contemporary times, starring women: Ainarak (1850-1950). Movimientos migratorios transfronterizos en la era contemporánea protagonizados por mujeres: Ainarak (1850-1950) y aymaras de los Andes (s. XXI)

Abstract

The emigration of the Spartan industry was a temporary, cross-border female emigration in which, from 1850 to the 1930s, hundreds of teenage girls crossed the Pyrenees every winter, from the valleys of Navarre and Aragon to the cities of the south of France. This network created by the young women who, disassociated from the nationalist boom, believed they shared a common history with the other side of the Pyrenees and the transnational bonds of affection that were forged between those who left and settled in France and those who returned to the village and did not return to France, show that The Memory of the Ainarak metaphorically symbolizes the conservation of the mirror that are both slopes of the Pyrenees. That said, the study of the Ainarak is not only relevant in a pre-industrial framework and at a local level, but in a post-industrial framework and at a global level it is worth highlighting the similarities it has with the current Latin American female emigration. Broadly speaking, in both cases there is a national border, a clandestine emigration, an economic system and a gender system that gives rise to multiemployment and protagonists that encompass all of this: rural women.